Circa 1510, Profile portrait of Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa Von Nettesheim , a German occultist philosopher, doctor of law and medicine at Pavia, who...
Circa 1660, Benedict Spinoza , aka Baruch Spinoza. Dutch philosopher of Portuguese-Jewish heritage whose independent thinking led to expulsion from...
Circa 1660, Benedict Spinoza , aka Baruch Spinoza. Dutch philosopher of Portuguese-Jewish heritage whose independent thinking led to expulsion from...
Circa 135 AD, Ptolemy c. 2nd century AD. Alexandrian astronomer, mathematician and geographer. He described a system of astronomy based on the theory...希臘 - 南歐, 哲學家, 希臘文化
Circa 1750, Swiss born French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau . Abandoned age 10, settled in Paris circa 1741, contributed to Diderot's...
Circa 1675, Baron Samuel von Pufendorf . German jurist, historian. Professor of natural law, Heidelberg 1661-68, at Lund, Sweden 1670-77, historian...
Circa 1509, Leonardo da Vinci . A detail from one of da Vinci's sketchbooks: Bones of the Foot and Shoulder, pen and brown ink with wash over black...圖畫 - 藝術品, 健保和醫療
Circa 1570, Gerardus Mercator . Flemish geographer and mapmaker . To aid navigators, in 1569 he introduced the map projection that bears his name and...
Circa 1730, Brook Taylor . English mathematician who was the originator of Taylor's Theorem, which is important in differential calculus. His 'Linear...
Circa 540 BC, Pythagoras . Greek philosopher and mathematician. Born in Samos, after extensive travels settled in Crotona, a Greek colony in southern...畢達哥拉斯
Circa 220 BC, Illustration of Greek mathematician and inventor Archimedes, , surrounded by armored soldiers who direct mirrors at invading Roman...阿基米德, 燃燒
Circa 430 BC, Herodotus Greek historian. Wrote a history of the Greco-Persian Wars, 500-479 BC, called the 'Father of History.'希羅多德
English philosopher and critic George Henry Lewes, , editor of The Leader. In 1851 he met novelist George Eliot and lived with her for life, wrote on...
Denis Diderot . French encyclopedist and philosopher, worked with d'Alembert on 'The Encyclopedia' to 1758, 28 volumes 1751-1772.
Francois-Pierre-Guillaume Guizot, , French historian and politician, professor in Paris 1812, deputy 1830, minister of interior 1830, education...
Edmond Malone . Irish scholar, member of Samuel Johnson's club at London from 1777, established the accepted order of Shakespeare's plays, edited the...
Jean Henri Merle d'Aubigne . Swiss Protestant church historian, professor of historical theology, after 1830, at the School of Evangelical Theology...
Portrait of Benjamin Franklin , American statesman, scientist, philosopher. Published 'Poor Richard's Almanac' 1732-57, invented the Franklin stove,...富蘭克林
Portrait of Benjamin Franklin , American statesman, scientist, philosopher. Published 'Poor Richard's Almanac' 1732-57, invented the Franklin stove,...富蘭克林
Portrait of Benjamin Franklin , American statesman, scientist, philosopher. Published 'Poor Richard's Almanac' 1732-57, invented the Franklin stove,...富蘭克林, 科學
Thomas Paine, , English-born revolutionary writer and propagandist. Produced publications that helped shape the course of both the American and...
William Paley . English theologian, archdeacon at Carlisle 1782, subdean of Lincoln 1795, works include 'View of the Evidences of Christianity' 1794,...
Barthold Georg Niebuhr . German historian, secretary to Baron von Stein, 1806-1810, Prussian ambassador to the Vatican, 1816-1823. His 'Romische...
The Reverend James McCosh . Scottish-American educator and philosopher, wrote 'Method of Divine Government, Physical and Moral' 1850, a founder of...
Henry David Thoreau . American author and naturalist who began his career as a schoolmaster and later authored his most famous and enduring work,...
Hippolyte Adolphe Taine . French critic and historian whose theories held that man was a product of heredity, historical conditioning and environment...哲學家
Emanuel Swedenborg . Swedish scientist, philosopher and religious mystic who authored 'Arcana Coelestia' and 'True Christian Religion'. He never...
Augustin Thierry . French historian who used contemporary documents and a vivid, romantic style in his works which include 'History of the Conquest...
Anne-Louise Germaine Necker de Stael . French-Swiss woman of letters whose salon was a center for politicians and intellectuals. Her works include...
Anne-Louise Germaine Necker de Stael . French-Swiss woman of letters whose salon was a center for politicians and intellectuals. Her works include...
Adam Smith . Scottish economist and philosopher. Professor of moral philosophy at University of Glasgow from 1752, published 'Theory of Moral...哲學家
Scottish economist and philosopher Adam Smith . Professor of moral philosophy at the University of Glasgow from 1752, he published 'Theory of Moral...
Joseph Hubert Reinkens . German theologian. Professor 1853 and rector 1866 at Breslau, joined the Old Catholic movement 1870, was suspended 1870 and...
Thomas Reid . Scottish philosopher. Founder of the 'Common Sense School' of philosophy. A Presbyterian pastor 1737-51 and professor at Aberdeen...
William Robertson . Scottish historian. Principal of University of Edinburgh 1762, historiographer to King George III of England 1763. Works include...哲學家
Joseph Priestley . English clergyman, chemist. Lectured on anatomy, astronomy, introduced teaching of modern history and sciences 1761, librarian to...
American lawyer and political thinker James Otis , one of the main political leaders in Massachusetts, he suffered a head injury during a scuffle...
English born radical writer and thinker Thomas Paine , whose pamphlet 'Common Sense' greatly influenced american opinion in favour of independence...
Circa 1345, Thomas a Kempis , Augustinian monk and writer, who is generally accepted as the author of Die Imitatione Christi .
Greek philosopher Plato Aristocles with the philosopher and scientist Aristotle . Original Publication: From Raphael: School of Athens - Vatican...柏拉圖 - 哲學家, 希臘 - 南歐, 僅男人
Circa 1662, Fame crowns a bust of King Charles II , founder and patron of the Royal Society. Flanking him are the society's first president Lord...哲學
Circa 1670, British politician and historian Sir Edward Hyde, the 1st Earl of Clarendon . A member of the Short and Long Parliaments, he opposed the...
Circa 535 BC, Laotsze, Chinese philosopher and founder of Taoism. . Original Artwork: Portrait by Keichyn Yamada.
Circa 101 AD, Saint Clement I, Pope from 88 - 97 AD, original name Clemens Romanus and reputed author of an 'Epistle to the Corinthian Church', .一個人
Circa 135 AD, Greek astronomer and geographer Ptolemy , who worked in the great library at Alexandria. Original Artwork: Engraving by George Cooke .
Circa 130 AD, Greek astronomer and geographer Ptolemy at work with a sphere. Original Artwork: In the collection of Studio Raffaele, R Accademia,...希臘 - 南歐, 天文學家, 希臘文化
