Acne pathogenesis, illustration 插畫檔

Illustration of the four core pathogenic mechanisms and disease progression of acne. From left to right, it sequentially depicts abnormal androgen secretion leading to excessive sebum production, abnormal keratinisation of the follicular infundibulum causing follicular occlusion and the subsequent formation of non-inflammatory lesions such as comedones. This is followed by immune-mediated inflammatory responses triggered by the proliferation of Cutibacterium acnes, ultimately evolving into inflammatory disfiguring skin lesions including papules, pustules and nodules