Louis Pasteur, French chemist and inventor of pasteurization, c 1870.

FRANCE - AUGUST 16: Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) introduced pasteurization to kill pathogens in milk, wine and foods, and produced vaccines against anthrax and rabies. In 1884 he was appointed Professor of Chemistry at the University of Lille where he researched the reasons why some alcohols turn sour. Pasteur discovered that, by heating liquid to a certain temperature, the bacteria was killed. Pasteurization is now carried out on milk. His success enabled the Pasteur Institute to be built by public subscription. (Photo by SSPL/Getty Images)